{"product_id":"birth-of-the-athenian-community-9781138083516","title":"Birth of the Athenian Community","description":"\u003cp\u003eThe Birth of the Athenian Community elucidates the social and political development of Athens in the sixth century, when, as a result of reforms by Solon and Cleisthenes (at the beginning and end of the sixth century, respectively), Athens turned into the most advanced and famous city, or \u003ci\u003epolis\u003c\/i\u003e, of the entire ancient Greek civilization. Undermining the current dominant approach, which seeks to explain ancient Athens in modern terms, dividing all Athenians into citizens and non-citizens, this book rationalizes the development of Athens, and other Greek \u003ci\u003epoleis\u003c\/i\u003e, as a gradually rising complexity, rather than a linear progression. The multidimensional social fabric of Athens was comprised of three major groups: the kinship community of the \u003ci\u003eastoi\u003c\/i\u003e, whose privileged status was due to their origins; the legal community of the \u003ci\u003epolitai\u003c\/i\u003e, who enjoyed legal and social equality in the \u003ci\u003epolis\u003c\/i\u003e; and the political community of the \u003ci\u003edemotai\u003c\/i\u003e, or adult males with political rights. These communities only partially overlapped. Their evolving relationship determined the course of Athenian history, including Cleisthenes' establishment of \u003ci\u003edemokratia\u003c\/i\u003e, which was originally, and for a long time, a kinship democracy, since it only belonged to qualified male \u003ci\u003eastoi\u003c\/i\u003e.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Sviatoslav Dmitriev","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":51421137862998,"sku":"9781138083516","price":206.12,"currency_code":"EUR","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0886\/3206\/6390\/files\/9781138083516.jpg?v=1758925478","url":"https:\/\/www.englishbook.pt\/products\/birth-of-the-athenian-community-9781138083516","provider":"Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}